Journal 
The genus SystoleWalker, 1832, is a comparatively medium size group within the family Eurytomidae, comprising 42 valid species. This phytophagous group primarily attacks the seeds of the families Apiaceae and Lamiaceae (Noyes, 2019, Zerova et al., 2019). This genus mainly is distributed in the Palearctic region, with some species found in the Oriental and Nearctic regions, and is distinguished from other genera by the five segments in its antennae and absence of sensilla on the first segment (Lotfalizadeh et al., 2007).
In this study, we discovered the genus Systole Walker, in Korea for the first time, with two new records: Systole coriandri Gussakovsky, and Systole geniculata Förster.
Materials and Methods
Specimens used in this study were collected by the Malaise trap. Most are deposited at the Laboratory of Insect Biosystematics, Seoul National University except a specimen of each species is deposited at the National Institution of Biological Resources. Most morphological terms follow Delvare et al. (2019). The abbreviations for the depositories of the specimens used in this study are as follows:
NIBR National Institution of Biological Resources, Incheon, Korea;
SNU Laboratory of Insect Biosystematics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea;
ZISP Zoological Institute, St Petersburg, Russia.
Specimens were examined with an Olympus SZ61 stereomicroscope and photographed with a DMC 5400 digital camera attached to a Leica Z16 APO motorized macroscope. Serial images were combined using Zerene Stacker and digitally retouched using Adobe Photoshop CS6.
Morphological abbreviations used in this paper as follows: F1-FX, funicular segment 1-X; MPS, multiparous plate sensilla (e); POL, the distance between posterior ocelli; LOL, distance between anterior and posterior ocellus; OOL, minimal distance between posterior ocellus and inner orbit; OD, maximum diameter of posterior ocellus; cc, costal cell; mv, marginal vein; pmv, postmarginal vein; stv, stigmal vein; Gt1-GtX, gaster tergites 1 to X.
Systematic Accounts
SystoleWalker, 1832 고수씨살이좀벌속(신칭)
SystoleWalker, 1832: 13, 22. Type species: Systole albipennis Walker, by monotypy.
PseudosystoleKalina, 1969: 181. Type species: Pseudosystole hofferi Kalina, by monotypy. Synonymy by Lotfalizadeh et al., 2007: 508.
Key to the Korean species of Systole Walker
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1. Antenna (Fig. 1B) with F1 slightly longer than width, 1.1× as long as wide; mesoscutum (Fig. 1F) with piliferous punctures on posterior area; propodeum (Fig. 1G) shallowly areolate medially with weak carina on posterior area ······································· S. coriander Gussakovsky
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- Antenna (Fig. 3B) with F1 distinctly longer than width, 1.5× as long as wide; mesoscutum (Fig. 3F) uniformly reticulateimbricate, without any punctures; propodeum (Fig. 3G) areolate-rugose medially without any carina ···················· ························································ S. geniculata Förster
Systole coriandri Gussakovsky, 1933 고수씨살이좀벌(신칭) (Figs 1A-H, 2A-D)
Systole coriandri Gussakovsky inRodd et al., 1933: 122. Type depository: lost. Type locality: Uzbekistan.
Systole coriandriNikol’skaya, 1934: 143. Unknown type status, ♀. Type depository: ZISP. Type locality: Russia (Rostov Oblast). Synonymy by Nikol’skaya, 1952: 171.
Redescription. Female (habitus 1A). Body length 1.56-1.60 mm. Body black except as follows: antenna dark brown to brown; legs brown, but fore tibia, knees, apex of meso- and metatarsus yellowish brown; tarsus yellowish white, with brown 5th tarsi; ovipositor sheaths dark brown.
Head (Figs 1C-D). In frontal view (Fig. 1C) slightly transverse; 1.4× as wide as high; frons reticulate to lower face transversely reticulate-imbricate; preorbital carina absent; scrobal depression reticulate; scrobe not reaching to anterior ocellus. In dorsal view (Fig. 1D), 2.1× as wide as length; OOL: POL: LOL: OD = 1.4-1.5: 3.9-4.0: 1.9: 1.0; vertex reticulate to occiput transversely imbricate-reticulate. Malar space 0.47× as long as height of eye in lateral view. Gena with distinct malar sulcus reaching lower margin of gena. Lateral outline of gena curved in frontal view; genal carina absent.
Antenna (Fig. 1B). Scape minutely swollen anteromedially; 4.2× as long as wide. Pedicel 1.5× as long as wide. Anellus extremely thin. F1 almost slightly longer than wide with a MPS, 1.1× as long as wide; F2-F5 distinctly transverse with single row of MPS; all setae subdecumbent. Clava 2.1× as long as wide.
Mesosoma. 1.4× as long as wide and 1.3× as long as high; pronotum 2.4× and mesoscutum 1.8× as wide as long respectively; mesoscutellum as long as wide. In dorsal view (Fig. 1F), pronotum reticulate except anterior and lateral side transversely reticulate-imbricate; mesonotum transversely reticulate-imbricate, but posterior area with piliferous punctures; notauli distinctly present; axilla and scutellum reticulate. In lateral view (Fig. 1E), prepectus slightly reticulate; tegula smooth; adscrobal region punctate; femoral depression areolate; mesepimeron smooth and transversely carinate dorsally to areolate ventrally; metepimeron punctate with bearing long hairlike setae. Propodeum (Fig. 1E, G) approximately 80° angle to the plane of mesoscutellum in lateral view; with median depression delimited by incomplete carina; shallowly areolate medially with inconspicuous carina on posterior area, but variously areolate-rugose laterally.
Legs. Procoxa reticulate; normally straight without any depression; 2.2× as long as width. Mesocoxa smooth to shallowly reticulate; 1.1× as long as width. Metacoxa reticulate; 1.5× as long as width.
Fore wing (Fig. 1H). 2.28× as long as wide; cc: mv: pmv: stv = 4.2-4.3: 0.8-0.9: 1.8-1.9: 1.0; hyaline with pale setation on membrane, but setae brown on costal cell and venation.
Metasoma. Petiole wider than long in dorsal view. Gaster slightly longer than mesosoma, 1.1× as long as length of mesosoma; 1.9× as long as high. GT3-4 with a few setae; GT5-7 with 1-2 lows of setae. Syntergum not upturned.
Male (habitus Fig. 2A). Body length 1.47 mm. Morphologically similar to female except as followings. Antenna (Fig. 2B) with scape black to pedicel and flagellum dark brown; four funiculars and three clavomeres; funicle with extremely short petiole; funicle distinctly longer than width; clava 3.4× as long as wide. Head 2.1× as wide as long in dorsal view; OOL: POL: LOL: OD = 1.3: 4.0: 1.7: 1.0. Propodeum (Fig. 2D) similar to female, but medial carina absent. Petiole (Fig. 2D) areolaterugulose; 2.1× as long as wide.
Material examined. 2♀, Aguala Hotel dorm., 1388, Hyeopjae- ri, Hallim-eup, Jeju-si, Korea. M.T. 11.vi.-08.vii.2017, 33° 23'58.8"N 126°14'57.0"E, Sanghyeok Nam (SNU and NIBR); 1♂, ditto 08.vii.-17.vii.2017 (SNU).
Distribution. Korea (new record), Afghanistan, Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, China, India, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Turkey, USA, Uzbekistan.
Host. Apiaceae. Coriandrum sativum L., 1753 (Bouček, 1952)
Systole geniculataFörster, 1861 긴고수씨살이좀벌(신칭) (Figures 3A-H)
Systole geniculataFörster, 1861: 33. Type depository: lost. Type locality: Switzerland.
Redescription. Female (habitus 3A). Body length 1.51-1.55 mm. Body black except as follows: antenna with scape dark brown to pedicel and flagellum brown; pro- and mesotibia reddish brown, tarsus yellowish brown; ovipositor sheaths reddish brown.
Head. In frontal view (Fig. 3C) slightly transverse; 1.3× as wide as high; frons to lower face reticulate-imbricate; preorbital carina absent; scrobal depression reticulate-imbricate; scrobe not reaching to anterior ocellus. In dorsal view (Fig. 3D), 1.9× as wide as length; OOL: POL: LOL: MPOD = 1.2- 1.3: 4.2-4.3: 1.9: 1.0; vertex reticulate to occiput transversely reticulate-imbricate. Malar space 0.5× as long as height of eye in lateral view. Gena with malar sulcus, but not reaching lower margin of gena. Lateral outline of gena slightly curved in frontal view; genal carina absent.
Antenna (Fig. 3B). Scape smooth; 5.0-5.1× as long as wide. Pedicel 1.8-1.9× as long as wide. Anellus extremely thin. Flagellum with F1 distinctly longer than wide, 1.5× as long as wide without MPS; F2-F5 slightly transverse with single row of MPS; all setae substanding. Clava 2.4× as long as wide.
Mesosoma. 1.3× as long as wide and 1.2× as long as high; pronotum 2.7-2.8× and mesoscutum 2.1× as wide as long respectively; mesoscutellum 0.9× as long as wide. In dorsal view (Fig. 3F), pronotum transversely reticulate-imbricate; mesonotum to scutellum entirely reticulate-imbricate; notauli distinctly present. In lateral view (Fig. 3E) prepectus slightly punctate; tegula shallowly reticulate; adscrobal region to femoral depression areolate-rugulose; mesepimeron smooth on upper area to areolate-rugulose lower area; metepimeron areolate-rugose with reticulate interspace; with bearing long hairlike setae. Propodeum (Fig. 3E, G) approximately 80° angle to the plane of mesoscutellum in lateral view; with median area areolaterugose and poorly delimited by carina; variously areolaterugose laterally, but smooth around callus.
Legs. Procoxa shallowly reticulate; 2.2× as long as width. Mesocoxa transversely reticulate-imbricate; 1.2× as long as width. Metacoxa reticulate-imbricate; 1.6× as long as width.
Fore wing (Fig. 3H). 2.1× as long as wide; cc: mv: pmv: stv = 4.5-4.6: 0.8-0.9: 0.8: 1.0; hyaline with dark brown setation on membrane, but setae brown on costal cell and venation.
Metasoma. Petiole wider than long in dorsal view. Gaster slightly longer than mesosoma, 1.1-1.2× as long as length of mesosoma; 2.0-2.2× as long as high. GT1-4 bare; GT5-7 with 1-2 lows of setae. Syntergum not upturned.
Male. Unknown.
Material examined. 4♀, Hado reservoir, Hado-ri, Namcheonmyeon, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea. 35°43'11.4"N 128°44'31.6"E, 18.vi.2016, Duk-Young Park (3 in SNU and 1 in NIBR); 4♀, Hoenggan Island, Hoenggan-ri, Soan-myeon, Wando-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea. 34°14'17.9"N 126°36'37.2"E, 28.vi.2017, Duk-Young Park (SNU).
Distribution. Korea (new record), France, Puerto Rico, Switzerland, USA
Host. Apiaceae. Coriandrum sativum L., Daucus carota L., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Pimpinella anisum L. (Roberts, 1963, Burks, 1979, Bouček, 1952)
Discussion
These newly recorded species mainly attack the seeds of the coriander plant (Coriandrum sativum L.). Their host plant, originally native to the Mediterranean coast, is now extensively cultivated as a spice (Diederichsen, 1996). Consequently, these species have been introduced to East Asia, including the Korea, following the inflow of their hosts.
KSAE
