Members of the family Ichneumonidae usually attack the larvae and pupae of holometabolous insects or adult spiders (Quicke, 2015;Takasuka et al., 2018). Generally, many ichneumon wasps are parasitoids of lepidopteran larvae or pupae. This study reports new hosts for the three ichneumon species (Apophua evanescens evanescens, Teleutaea minamikawai, and Trathala flavoorbitalis) in South Korea. Among these, the genus Apophua and Teleutaea belong to the subfamily Banchinae.

The genus Apophua is a moderately large group encompassing 38 species worldwide. Of these, seven species are found in South Korea. This genus is an endoparasitoid of the lepidopteran larva, especially the leaf-roller Caterpillar (Tortricidae) (Kamijo, 1973;Momoi et al., 1975). These species are also known to attack other lepidopteran larvae (Noctuidae and Zygaenidae) and coleopteran larvae (Attelabidae, Cerambycidae, and Curculionidae) (Yu et al., 2016). One South Korean species, Apophua evanescens evanescens, is easily distinguished from other species by the following characteristics: without areolet, simple convex clypeus, 2^nd to 4^th tergites with oblique grooves, and 2^nd tergite longer than its apical width. This species is a known parasitoid of Nolidae, Tortricidae, and Zygaenidae. Nine species have been reported as hosts for this species, with only two species recorded in South Korea. In this study, this species was additionally recovered from Cleora leucophaea (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae).

Teleutaea is a moderately sized genus comprising 20 described species from the Palaearctic, Neotropic, and Oriental regions (Yu et al., 2016). Eight species have been recorded in South Korea. These species are known entoparasitoids of the leaf-roller Caterpillar (especially Tortricidae). One South Korean species, Teleutaea minamikawai, is easily distinguished from other species in having a large yellow spot on the mesopleuron, a thick yellow mark on the pronotum, and a simple antennal socket (not prolonged). Five species have been reported as hosts for this species, with four species recorded from South Korea. In this study, this species was also discovered in Adoxophyes honmai (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).

The genus Trathala belonging to Cremastinae, is a large cosmopolitan group comprising 102 species (Yu et al., 2016). Among them, only two species have been recorded from South Korea. Most of these species are known endoparasitoids of the superfamily Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera). The characteristics of one South Korean species, T. flavoorbitalis, easily distinguish it from other species: visible sternite, complete occipital carina, and entirely yellow body color. In all, 80 species have been reported as hosts to this species, with 22 species recorded in South Korea. This species has now been recovered from Pyrausta phoenicealis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae).

This paper provides the diagnosis, plate, and host record of three parasitoids, Apophua evanescens evanescens, Teleutaea minamikawai, and Trathala flavoorbitalis.

Materials and Method

The materials used in the present study were collected by rearing and were deposited at the Daegu National University of Education (DNUE, Daegu, South Korea). Distributional data and host records were categorized according to Yu et al. (2016). A host list recorded from Korean fauna is hereby provided. All Korean species are as per the National Species List of KOREA (2019).

The abbreviations used in the present study are as follows: DEI, Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalde, Germany; SEHU, Laboratory of Systematic Entomology, The Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; NHM, The Natural History Museum, Department of Entomology, London, England; USNM, United States National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institute, Washington D.C., U.S.A.; TD, Type depository; TL, Type locality.

The South Korean provinces examined were: CB: Chungcheongbuk- do; JJ: Jeju-do.

All specimens were examined using an AxioCam MRc5 camera attached to a stereomicroscope (Zeiss SteREO Discovery V20; Carl Zeiss, Göttingen, Germany), processed using Axio- Vision SE64 software (Carl Zeiss), and optimized with a Delta imaging system (i-solution, IMT i-Solution Inc. Vancouver, Canada). The morphological terminology followed that of the American Entomological Institute website (http://www.amentinst. org/GIN/morphology.php).

Results

Subfamily Banchinae

Genus Apophua Morley

ApophuaMorley, 1913: 231. Type species: Apophua carinata Morley.

Apophua evanescens evanescens (Ratzeburg, 1848) (Fig. 1A, B)

Glypta evanescensRatzeburg, 1848: 103. Type: lost.

Glypta albifronsHolmgren, 1856: 104. Type: female, TL: Sweden, TD: unknown.

Glypta sapporensisUchida, 1928a: 74. Type: female, TL: Japan, TD: HU.

Diagnosis. Black body. Antenna brown. Scape blackishbrown. Scutellum entirely yellow with anterior brown spot. Dorsoposterior part of pronotum with a yellow spot. Hind coxa and femur orange with brown lateral part. Tibia blackish-brown with a yellow basal part. 5^th to 7^th tergites tinged yellowishwhite. Malar space approximately 0.7 times as long as basal mandibular width. Antenna with 46 flagellomeres. Epicnemial carina present with incomplete lateral. Propodeum with only posterior transverse carina. Apical part of 1^st tergite 1.7 times as wide as basal part, with median dorsal carina being more than half and median longitudinal carina absent. 2^nd-3^rd tergites have a median longitudinal carina only at basal part. Ovipositor shorter than metasoma.

Collecting data of new host. JJ, Seogwipo-si, Hwasun Gotjawal, 29.vi.2020, SS Kim (host plant: Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.).

Remark. The new host of Apophua evanescens e., Cleora leucophaea was collected in Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. Adult Apophua evanescens e. was discovered in the pupa of C. leucophaea approximately after a month (22.v.2020). The family Geometridae was also newly recorded as a host group. C. leucophaea is therefore termed polyphagous.

Genus Teleutaea Förster

TeleutaeaFörster, 1869: 164. Type species: Lissonota striata Grevengorst.

HoplitophrysFörster, 1869: 164. Type species: Glypta brischkei Holmgren.

Teleutaea minamikawaiMomoi, 1963 (Fig. 1C, D)

Teleutaea minamikawaiMomoi, 1963: 100. Type: female, TL: Japan; TD: SEHU.

Diagnosis. Black body. Upper part of pronotum with thick yellow line and lower part with a yellow mark. Lower part of malar space yellow. Dorso-anterior part of mesopleuron with a small yellow mark, and lower part with a large yellow mark. Scutellum with V-shaped yellow mark. Hind coxa orange with dorsally yellow mark; femur gradated brown base to orange; apical tibia blackish-brown. Apex of 4^th-7^th tergites with a yellow band (4^th tergite with pale yellow). Face flat, sparsely punctate with long pubescence, 0.6 times as long as wide. Antennal socket not prolonged (simple form). Malar space about 0.7 times as long as basal mandibular width. Only posterior transverse carina of propodeum developed. Dorsomedian carina of 1^st tergite present extends to anterior half. 2^nd to 5^th tergites with one pair of oblique grooves.

Collecting data of new host. JJ, Seogwipo-si Jungmun, 30. iii.2020, SS Kim (host plant: Boehmeria tricuspis (Hance) Makino); ditto, 11.iv.2020, SS Kim (host plant: Piper kadsura (Choisy) Ohwi).

Remark. The new host of Teleutaea minamikawai, Adoxophyes honmai was collected in Oehmeria tricuspis (Hance) Makino and Piper kadsura (Choisy) Ohwi. Adult of T. minamikawai was discovered in the pupa of A. honmai approximately 10-20 days later (09.iv.2020 and 11.iv.2020 each). Tortricidae, belonging to Adoxophyes honmai, is a pest that damages fruit trees by feeding on leaves or preventing further growth by rolling them. Especially, A. honmai is known to attack young leaves and reduce the yield of green tea.

Subfamily Cremastinae

Genus Trathala Cameron

TrathalaCameron, 1899: 122. Type species: Trathala striata Cameron.

Epicremastus Szépligeti, 1905: 51. Type species: Epicremastus concolor Szépligeti.

PaurolexisCameron, 1906: 282. Type species: Paurolexis flavus Cameron.

HaristaeusCameron, 1909: 442. Type species: Haristaeus nigrifrons Cameron.

Trathala flavoorbitalis (Cameron, 1907) (Fig. 1E, F)

Tarytia flavoorbitalisCameron, 1907: 589. Type: female; TL: India; TD: NHM.

Cremastus hymeniaeViereck, 1911: 189. Type: female; TL: U.S.A.; TD: USNM.

Diaparsis coreanusUchida, 1928b: 285. Type: female; TL: Korea; TD: SEHU.

Diaparsis coreanus kondonisUchida, 1928b: 286. Type: female; TL: China; TD: SEHU.

Cremastus kigaonisUchida, 1932: 196. Type: female; TL: Taiwan; TD: DEI.

Diagnosis. Yellowish-brown body. Vertex yellow except black ocelli area and behind vertex. Antenna brown. Scutellum dark brown. Propodeum with blackish-brown spots. Legs yellowish-brown, with dark brown hind tibia apically. Black 1^st to 2^nd tergite. Frons weakly concave above base of antennae, with transverse wrinkles. Occipital carina meeting hypostomal carina slightly distant from the base of the mandible. Ocelli small, distance between eye and lateral ocellus as long as ocellus diameter. Areola and petiolar area of propodeum weakly separated by transverse carina. Metasoma very compressed, petiole with lateral carina. Ovipositor 1.8 times as long as hind tibia.

Collecting data of new host. CB, Cheongju-si, 19.vi.2020, SS Kim (host plant: Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton var. frutescens).

Remark. The new host of Trathala flavoorbitus, Pyrausta phoenicealis was collected in Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton var. frutescens. Adult T. flavoorbitus was discovered in the pupa of P. phoenicealis after 10 days (29.vi.2020). This lepidopteran species is a well-known pest of Labiatae, especially in green perilla plants (Perilla frutescens). The family Crambidae has also been newly recorded as a host group.