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ISSN : 1225-0171(Print)
ISSN : 2287-545X(Online)
Korean Journal of Applied Entomology Vol.61 No.3 pp.497-502
DOI : https://doi.org/10.5656/KSAE.2022.08.0.042

First Record of the Myrmecophilous Tineid Moths, the Genus Ippa Walker (Lepidoptera, Tineidae)

Dong-June Lee, Minsoo Dong1, Ki-Kyeong Kim2, Neung-Ho Ahn2, Bong-Woo Lee3, Yang-Seob Bae4*
Division of Zoology, Honam National Institute of Biological Resources, Mokpo 58762, Korea
1Applied Biology Program, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
2National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Korea
3Gwangneung Forest Conservation Center, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon 11186, Korea
4Department of Life Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
*Corresponding author:baeys@inu.ac.kr
July 7, 2022 August 12, 2022 August 22, 2022

Abstract


The genus Ippa Walker, 1864 is reported for the first time from Korea, with a species I. conspersa (Matsumura, 1931). I. conspersa is generally known as myrmecophiles having ecological relationships with some ant species such as Lasius spp. Photographs of adults, immature stages, and the genitalia of I. conspersa are provided.


Tineidae , Myrmecozelinae , genitalia , new record , wing venation

개미 둥지에 서식하는 한국 미기록속 Ippa Walker (나비목, 곡식좀나방과)에 대한 보고

이 동준, 동 민수1, 김 기경2, 안 능호2, 이 봉우3, 배 양섭4*
국립호남권생물자원관 동물자원연구부
1강원대학교 응용생물학과
2국립생물자원관
3국립수목원 광릉숲복원센터
4인천대학교 생명과학부

초록


Ippa conspersa (Matsumura, 1931)를 포함한 Ippa Walker, 1864 속의 한국 분포를 최초로 확인하였다. I. conspera의 유충은 Lasius (Lasius) spp. 와 같은 몇몇 개미류를 포식하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이번 연구를 통하여 한국산 I. conspera의 성충 및 암수 생식기, 유충의 외부 형태를 기재하 고 도판을 제시하였다.


곡식좀나방과 , 개미살이좀나방아과 , 생식기형태 , 미기록종 , 날개시맥

    Some species of the subfamily Myrmecozelinae of the family Tineidae, especially the genus Anemallota, Ippa, and Myrmecozela have been reported to be related to Hymenopterans (Chrétien, 1905;Zagulyaev, 1975). The larvae of these moths feed on byproducts from the nests of Hymenopterans, such as grains, dead tissues of plants, and dead insect bodies (Narukawa et al., 2002).

    The genus Ippa, which belongs to the subfamily Myrmecozelinae, is represented by the type species Ippa vacivellaWalker, 1864. 25 species of this genus have been recognized globally so far (Robinson et al., 1994), and are widely distributed throughout the Oriental and the Ethiopian regions. On the other hand, there are relatively few records in the Palaearctic region, only one species, Ippa conspersa was reported from Japan. In this study, the genus IppaWalker, 1864 is reported for the first time from Korea, with a species I. conspersa (Matsumura, 1931). Photographs of adults, immature stages, and the genitalia, are provided.

    Materials and Methods

    Voucher specimens of this study are deposited in the Bio- Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Korea.

    The specimens were collected from the two sites in Gyeonggi province: Mt. Cheonggye, Geumto-dong, Seongnam-si; Mt. Gwanggyo, Hagwanggyo-dong, Suwon-si. We collected larvae near the ant nests and they were moving along the trail of the ant workers. We reared the larvae that we collected to examine the adult moths in the laboratory environment as well. Mealworms, breads, and biscuits were provided as food sources.

    Genitalia were dissected and examined under Leica EZ4 stereo-microscope (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany). Images of adults and genitalia were taken using a Canon EOS 50D digital camera attached to a Canon EF 100 mm F2.8 Macro USM lens (Canon, Inc., Tokyo, Japan), and Leica DM 2500 microscope attached with Leica ICC50 E (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany).

    Terminology and morphological characters of the adult, wing venation, and genitalia followed Robinson (1976), Common (1987), Robinson and Nielsen (1993).

    Abbreviations used herein are as follows: INU: Incheon National University; TS: Type Species; TL: Type Locality.

    Taxonomic Accounts

    Family Tineidae Latreille, 1810 곡식좀나방과

    Subfamily Myrmecozelinae, Căpuşe, 1968 개미살이좀나방 아과(신칭)

    Genus IppaWalker, 1864

    IppaWalker, 1864: 781. TS: Ippa vacivellaWalker, 1864. TL: India (North Hindustan).

    GapharaWalker, 1864: 274 (preoccupied GapharaWalker, 1862: 96). TS: Gaphara recitatellaWalker, 1864. TL: Sri Lanka.

    OlychaSnellen, 1903: 29. TS: Olycha grossepunctellaSnellen, 1903. TL: Indonesia (West Java).

    PachypsaltisMeyrick, 1914: 60. TS: Pachypsaltis insolensMeyrick, 1914. TL: Taiwan.

    HypophrictisMeyrick, 1916: 605. TS: Hyprophrictis inceptrixMeyrick, 1916. TL: Sri Lanka.

    ProsplocamisMeyrick, 1919: 256. TS: Melasina apractaMeyrick, 1919. TL: Myanmar (Mandalay).

    General morphology. Adults are generally medium to large sized (wingspan 15 - 25 mm). Head covered with brown colored scales in most species. Forewing usually unicolorous brown; venation complete, R3 and R4 stalked, M3 and CuA1 stalked, CuA2 missing in some species (Fig. 1A). Hindwing unicolored; venation complete. Male genitalia are characterized by the following characters; uncus lobes with elongate socii; tegumen and vinculum not differentiated, a narrow ring, tegumen elongated dorsally; gnathos present; valva broad, elongate, forming ventral spine; saccus longer than width; aedeagus slightly curved. Female genitalia are characterized by the following characters; segment eight, slightly sclerotized, articulated with apophyses anteriores; ostium narrow funnel-shaped; ductus bursae not sclerotized; corpus bursae ovate, without signum (Gozmány and Vári, 1973).

    Ippa conspersa (Walker, 1864) 개미살이좀나방(신칭)

    Depressaria conspersaMatsumura, 1931: 1089. TL: Japan.

    Hypophrictis capnomictaMeyrick, 1934: 481. TL: Japan.

    Adult. (Fig. 1) Wingspan 15 - 20 mm. Head with grayishbrown, hair-like scales on vertex and frons. Labial palpus upward, covered with grayish-brown scales. Antenna filiform; scape grayish-brown; each segment grayish-brown. Maxillary palpus covered with grayish-brown scales. Thorax grayish-brown. Ground color of forewing grayish-brown, with spread dark brown patches; approximately 2.8 - 3.2 times as long as width including fringe (about 3.2 - 3.4 times as long as width excluding fringe). Ground color of hindwing brown; approximately 2 - 2.2 times as long as width including fringe (about 2.4 - 2.5 times as long as width excluding fringe).

    Male genitalia. (Fig. 2A) Uncus with elongate socii, slightly fused with tegumen. Tegumen with small tegumenal processes. Valva paddle shape, broadly expanded in basal half on ventral margin, with strong spine at middle of costa; about 4.5 times as long as length of saccus. Saccus short, and tapered to apex. Juxta well developed, sac-shaped. Aedeagus slightly curved, swollen at base, about six times as long as length of saccus.

    Female genitalia. (Fig. 2B) Papillae anales developed, with 3 - pairs of setae. Ovipositor as long as apophyses anteriores. Apophyses posteriores aproximately 1.8 times as long as apophyses anteriores. 8th segment slightly sclerotized. Antrum broad funnel-shaped. Ductus bursae short; approximately 0.3 times as long as length of apophyses anteriores. Corpus bursae sac-shaped, membranous, without signum.

    Immature stage. (Fig. 3) Larvae live in a flattened 8-shaped portable silk case, which 8 - 15 mm long, and 3 - 5 mm width; length of larva 6 - 12 mm; head capsule dark brown; thorax creamy white, with dark brown pattern on edge, the pattern paler from first segment to third segment; abdomen creamy white. Pupation also, processed in the portable silk case, and comes out in an emergency.

    Biology. This species can be found near the nests of the ants. According to Narukawa et al. (2002), four species (Lasius japonicus, Lasius fuliginosus, Lasius spathepus, and Pristomyrmex punctatus) of ants were known to be related to Ippa conspersa in Japan. The larvae of I. conspersa were able to survive by feeding on oats, nuts, and dried fruits without ants in the laboratory environment, but it seems they usually prey on the dead ant bodies and debris around the ant nests in the wild. In Korea, we have mainly collected this species from the nests of Lasius (Dendrolasius) spp. The individuals of the larvae around the entrance of nests were significantly more abundant compared with the inside of the nests.

    Material examined. 5♂, 6♀, Mt. Cheonggye, Geumtodong, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16. VI. 2013 (K. K. Kim, N. H. Ahn, U. Y. Kang); 8♂, 7♀, Mt. Gwanggyo, Hagwanggyodong, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 28. IX. 2018 (D. J. Lee, M. Dong), genitalia slide no. INU-5663, 5664.

    Distribution. Korea (Gyeonggi-do), Japan (Honshu).

    Remarks. (Fig.s 4, 5) This species is recorded for the first time from Korea. We have observed the larvae of this moth preying on the dead ant bodies and dragging it into the portable silk case in the wild.

    Acknowledgments

    The authors thank Mr. Ui-Yeong Kang for his kind help in providing photograph of materials. The authors also thank members of Animal Diversity Laboratory, Incheon National University, for their kind help about this study. This study was carried out with the support of the Honam National Institute of Biological Resources (HNIBR) of the Republic of Korea (Project No., HNIBR 202201105).

    KSAE-61-3-497_F1.gif

    Adults of Ippa conspersa Walker. A: spread wing and wing venation (male); B: dorsal view; C: lateral view.

    KSAE-61-3-497_F2.gif

    Genitalia of Ippa conspersa Walker. A: male (sc; socii; un: uncus; va: valva; jx: juxta; sac: saccus; ae: aedeagus); B: female (pa: papillae anales; ov: ovipositor; os: ostium; ap: apophyses posteriores; aa: apophyses anteriores; db: ductusbursae; cb: corpus bursae.

    KSAE-61-3-497_F3.gif

    Immature stage of Ippa conspersa Walker. A: last stage larva; B: pupa.

    KSAE-61-3-497_F4.gif

    Larvae of Ippa conspersa Walker, with Lasius spp. A: L. japonicus Santschi (Mt. Cheonggye, 16. VI. 2013); B: L. spathepus Wheeler (Mt. Gwanggyo, 28. IX. 2018).

    KSAE-61-3-497_F5.gif

    Feeding on dead ant body. A: The larva out of the portable silk case, for feeding habit; B: The larva carrying the ant into the portable silk case.

    Reference

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    Vol. 40 No. 4 (2022.12)

    Journal Abbreviation Korean J. Appl. Entomol.
    Frequency Quarterly
    Doi Prefix 10.5656/KSAE
    Year of Launching 1962
    Publisher Korean Society of Applied Entomology
    Indexed/Tracked/Covered By