Journal 
Leucospidae is a small and rarely collected family within Chalcidoidea, consisting of 148 species in four genera worldwide: Leucospis Fabricius, 1775; Polistomorpha Westwood, 1839; Micrapion Kriechbaumer, 1894; Neleucospis Bouček, 1974. Among them, the genus Leucospis is the largest genus in the family with 121 species worldwide: fourteen from the Eastern Palearctic and twenty-three from Oriental regions (Ye et al., 2017). Up to date only one species, Leucospis japonica Walker, 1871 has been known from South Korea (Paik, 1978).
Leucospidae can be easily distinguished from other chalcid families by the following characters: hind femur with one or more teeth; prepectus very narrow; tegula elongate, at least two times as long as broad; forewing longitudinally folded; ovipositor exserted and curved upward over metasoma. Also, most species of the family are known to be ectoparasitoids of solitary aculeate hymenopterans (Noyes, 2016; Ye et al., 2017).
In the present study, Leucospis sinensis Walker is newly recognized from South Korea. A diagnosis, biological information and photographs of the diagnostic characters are provided.
Materials and Methods
The terminology used in the present study follows that of Bouček (1974) and Ye et al. (2017). The images were captured with a Leica DFC 495 camera on a Leica M205A Stereozoom stereomicroscope (Leica, Microsystems, Solms, Germany). The multi-stacked pictures were produced using the LAS software (version 4.1.0., Leica Microsystems, Switzerland). The figure plates were prepared using Adobe Photoshop CS6 (Adobe Systems Incorporated, San Jose, United States of America).
The following abbreviations are used throughout the text: MS = the shortest distance between base of mandible and lower margin of compound eye; OOL = the shortest distance between posterior ocellus and compound eye; POD = posterior ocellus diameter; POL = the shortest distance between posterior ocelli; T1, T2, etc. = metasomal tergites 1, 2, etc; KNA = Korea National Arboretum; NHMUK = Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom.
All examined specimens have been deposited in Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, South Korea.
Systematic accounts
Genus Leucospis Fabricius, 1775
Leucospis Fabricius, 1775: 361. Type species: Leucospis dorsigera Fabricius, 1775, by monotypy.
Diagnosis. Clypeus often transverse, its lower margin emarginated and with a median tooth; mandible bare at apex, always with strong lower tooth; maxillary palpi 4-segmented and labial palpi 3-segmented; OOL distinctly longer than POD; scutellum without cross-carina; propodeum often with median carina; hind femur with ventral tooth; hind tibia with outer spur always shorter than inner spur, frequently apex of hind tibia ventrally produced into a spine; female with ovipositor curved upward; male with T2 always transverse.
Biology. Ectoparasitoids of solitary aculeate Hymenoptera, mostly bees (Bouček, 1974; Ye et al., 2017).
Distribution. Cosmopolitan.
Key to the Korean species of Leucospis
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1. Hind femur with 12-14 small teeth ventrally, basal tooth larger than following teeth (Fig. 1B); T1 with two ovipositorial furrows (Fig. 1D); ovipositor sheath long-sized, reaching posterior margin of dorsellum (Figs. 1A-D) ····· L. japonica
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- Hind femur with 4 long and slender teeth, basal tooth smaller than following four teeth (Fig. 2A); T1 with smooth and weak median furrow (Fig. 2C); ovipositor sheath medium-sized, reaching only 0.8 length of T5 (Figs. 2B-C) ·········································································· L. sinensis
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Leucospis japonica Walker, 1871 밑들이벌 (Figs. 1A-D, 3A-B, 4A-C)
Leucospis japonica Walker, 1871: 56.
Leucospis exornata Walker, 1871: 57. Synonymized by Bouček (1974) [examined].
Leucospis japonica var. formosana Strand, 1911: 98. Synonymized by Bouček (1974).
Leucospis orientalis Weld, 1922: 28. Synonymized by Bouček (1974).
Diagnosis of female. Body length 11.0-12.8 mm. Body mainly black, except scape yellow. Pronotum with two yellow transverse stripe. Mesoscutum with a pair of yellow oblique band posterolaterally. Mesoscutellum yellow transverse band posteriorly. Hind coxa yellow dorsally; hind femur yellow band sub-basally; wings brown. T1 yellow transverse band sub-medially; T5 broad yellow transverse band posteriorly; epipygium with a pair of yellow small spots posterolaterally. Ratio of MS: OOL: POD: POL = 23: 25: 13: 35. Propodeum raised medially and emarginated posteriorly; median carina weak. Hind femur with 12-14 teeth ventrally, basal one largest. Hind tibia with a spine ventroapically. T1 with two ovipositorial furrows; ovipositor sheath long-sized, reaching posterior margin of dorsellum.
Type material examined. Lectotype of Leucospis exornata, ♀ (NHMUK), “[CHINA], Hong Kong”, “B.M. Type Hym. 5.82”, NHMUK010370219, designated by Bouček (1974).
Additional material examined. SOUTH KOREA: 2♀♀, Daeti-gol, Yonghwa-ri, Ilweol-myeon, Yeongyang-gun, Gyeongsangbuk- do, Alt. 581 m, 36°49'25.4"N, 129°06'44.7"E, 09.VII.2013, J.O. Lim, J.S. Lim, S.M. Oh & G.H. Go leg. (KNA); 2♀♀, Namsan-ri, Gakbuk-myeon, Cheongdo-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 35°41'34.0"N, 128°34'09.6"E, 31.VII-21.VIII.2017, J.W. Lee (KNA); 1♀, Soheul-eup, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 37°45'09.6"N, 127°09'04"E, 12-30.VI.2017, J.W. Nam, M.H. Kim & M.C. Kim leg. (KNA).
Biology. Parasitoids of Megachile disjunctiformis Cockerell, M. nipponica Cockerell, M. sculpturalis Smith, Osmia excavata Alfken and O. taurus Smith (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae); Sceliphron inflexam Sickmann and Isodontia nigella (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Sphecidae); Anterhynchium flavopunctatum (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea: Vespidae: Eumeninae) (Bouček, 1974).
Distribution. China, India, Japan, Nepal, Russia, South Korea.
Leucospis sinensis Walker, 1860 짧은밑들이벌 (신칭) (Figs. 2A-F, 3C-D)
Leucospis sinensis Walker, 1860: 18 [examined].
Leucaspis okinawensis Matsumura, 1912: 164. Synonymized by Bouček (1974).
Leucospis fuliginosa Weld, 1922: 18. Synonymized by Bouček (1974).
Diagnosis of female. Body length 14.1 mm. Body mainly black, except scape partly yellow. Pronotum with two long yellow to reddish brown transverse stripe. Mesoscutum with a pair of brown oblique band posterolaterally. Mesoscutellum yellowish brown to brown. Propodeum with yellow spot posteromedially; metapleuron partly brown. Hind coxa reddish brown apically; hind femur two yellow band ventrobasally and dorsoapically. Wings brown. T1 broad yellow transverse band posteriorly; T5 broad yellow transverse band posteriorly. Ratio of MS: OOL: POD: POL = 22: 25: 16: 42. Propodeum raised medially; median carina weak. Hind femur with nine teeth ventrally. Hind tibia with a spine ventroapically. T5 and T6 with a ovipositorial furrow; T1 with a smooth and weak median furrow; ovipositor sheath medium-sized, reaching 0.8 length of T5.
Type material examined. Lectotype, ♀ (NHMUK), “CHINA, Shanghai, Zi-ka-wei”, “B.M. Type Hym. 5.81”, “L. sinensis Walker”, “Lectotype”, NHMUK010370188, designated by Bouček (1974).
Additional material examined. SOUTH KOREA: 1♀, Korea National Arboretum, Gwangneung, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 15-31.VII.2015 (Malaise trap), I.K. Kim leg. (KNA).
Biology. Parasitoids of Sphex nigellus Smith (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea: Sphecidae) (Bouček, 1974).
Distribution. South Korea (new record), China, Japan.
Remarks. In a female from South Korea, the mesoscutellum is uniformly yellowish brown to brown (mesoscutellum black with curved reddish brown band posteriorly in the holotype).
KSAE
