Barklice or Booklice, commonly called psocids, are small and inconspicuous scavenging insects of the order Psocoptera (Mockford, 1989). They feed on fungi, algae, lichen, and organics like detritivore, and some are treated as polyphagous pest of stored food products worldwide (Green and Turner, 2005). The psocids usually overlooked by the researchers despite its relative diversity (Mockford, 1989). Recently many of them have been described, more than 5,500 species in three suborders (Li, 2002; Lienhard and Smithers, 2002; Yoshizawa, 2002). In Korea, only 14 species have been recorded so far (Hong and Woo, 1992; Park and Lee, 2014).

In this study, specimens from recent field work and material in museum collections were examined to investigate the taxonomy of Korean Psocoptera. This paper reports 10 species new to Korea and provides the checklist of Korean psocoptera with diagnosis and some biological information such as distribution.

Materials and Methods

Most specimens were collected by beating and were stored in 70% or 95% ethanol after collection for subsequent slide mounting and identification. Each specimen was permanently mounted on microscopic slide following slide mounting methods for psyllids and thrips with some modification (Anonymous, 2009; Hollis, 2004). Material was examined and deposited in Department of Plant Medicine, Suncheon National University, Suncheon, Korea (SCN). The abbreviations used in this study are as follows: CN (Chungnam province), GG (Gyeonggi province), GW (Gangwon province), JJ (Jeju province), JN (Jeonnam province).

The list is arranged alphabetically using the classification of Smithers (1972).

Results

In this paper, we report 10 species of Psocoptera new to Korea (Table 2) and previously reported 14 species belonging to 3 suborders are also presented (Table 1).

Suborder Troctomorpha

Infraorder Amphientometae

Family Amphientomidae Smithers, 1972 비늘다듬이벌레과 (신칭)

Ancylentomus macrourus (Li, 1997) 비늘다듬이벌레(신칭)

Ancylpsocus macrourus Li, 1997: 388. [TL: China]

Diagnosis. Body (Fig. 1) dark brown. Head (Fig. 10) brown, antenna 15 segments, lacina with apex divided into a small median and broad tooth. Forewing (Fig. 18) brown, while wing apex light-brown, scale on wing presence. Rs connected to M by across vein. Areola usually long. Cu2 and 1A end in modulus. Epiproct and paraproct with numerous of setae (Fig. 28).

Materials examined. [GG] 2 exs., Anseong, 26.vii.1991, on Machilus thunbergii, (K.-J. Hong); [CN] 3 exs., Cheonripo Arboretum, Taean, 6.vii.2016 (K.-J. Hong).

Distribution. Korea (new record), China.

Suborder Psocomorpha

Infraorder Caeciliusetae

Family Amphipsocidae Mockford, 1978 털다듬이벌레과

Amphipsocus japonicus (Enderlein, 1906) 일본털다듬이벌 레(신칭)

Dasypsocus japonicaEnderlein, 1906: 251. [TL: Japan]

Diagnosis. Head and wings are strongly pubescent (Figs. 2 and 11). Forewing (Fig. 19) with pterostigma with strong posterior angle and with a spur vein arising. Vein C thickened in region of pterostigma and anterior margin. Rs an M fused for a short length or meeting in a point, Rs branches long.

Materials examined. [JN] 5 exs., Hwaeom temple, Gurye, 6.ix.2015 (K.-J. Hong).

Distribution. Korea (new record), Japan.

Family Caeciliusidae Mockford, 1978 깃털다듬이벌레과 (신칭)

Valenzuela oyamai (Enderlein, 1906) 밝은깃털다듬이벌레 (신칭)

Caecilius oyamaiEnderlein, 1906: 252. [TL: Japan]

Diagnosis. Body (Fig. 3) including wings are dark brown. Forewing (Fig. 20) length 2.5 mm, with three of white small area, margin and veins setose, the hair of the veins in one low. Areola postica free and pterostigma not connect to Rs. Rs and M fused for a length; Cu2 without setae.

Materials examined. [GW] 3 exs., Chunseong (= Chuncheon), 27.vii.1991 (S.B. Ahn).

Distribution. Korea (new record), Japan, China, Taiwan, Russian Far East.

Paracaecilius japonicus (Enderlein, 1906) 깃털다듬이벌레 (신칭)

Caecilius japonicusEnderlein, 1906: 254. [TL: Japan]

Diagnosis. Body including wings is brownish- yellow (Fig. 4), Head (Fig. 12) brow, eyes dark brown. Forewing (Fig. 21) length 3 mm, pale brownish-yellow; veins brownish-yellow. Pterostigma yellow, hairy, narrow; r1 is not a corner. Veins and margin with the exception of analis 1 row hairy, hairy only the edge with the exception of Costa in the hind wing.

Materials examined. [JJ], 1 ex., Hamdeok, Jocheon, 14.xii. 1995, on Chinese cabbage (J.Y. Choi); 4 exs., Seogwuipo, 25.ix.1998, on leaf of Citrus unshiu (K.-J. Hong).

Distribution. Korea (new record), China, Japan, Taiwan.

Family Stenopsocidae Wong et Thornton, 1968 연문다듬이 벌레과(신칭)

Cubipilis aphidiformis (Enderlein, 1906) 진디연문다듬이벌 레(신칭)

Stenopsocus aphidiformisEnderlein, 1906: 249. [TL: Japan]

Diagnosis. Body in alcohol of this species is characterized by pale yellowish brown (Fig. 5), Head with brown marking around ocilli. Wings transparent. Forewing with pterostigma elongate, little color pattern, Cu2 with setae (Fig. 22).

Materials examined. [GG] 2 exs., Mt. Taehwa, Docheok, Gwangju, 14.vii.1991 (S.B. Ahn); [GW] 3 exs., Chunseong (= Chuncheon), 27.vii.1991 (S.B. Ahn).

Distribution. Korea (new record), Japan, China, Taiwan, Russian Far East.

Stenopsocus immaculatus (Stephens, 1836) 투명연문다듬 이벌레(신칭)

Psocus immaculatusStephens, 1836: 125. [TL: Europe]

Psocus rufescensStephens, 1836: 125. [TL: Europe]

Psocus flavescensStephens, 1836: 125. [TL: Europe]

Psocus venosusStephens, 1836: 121. [TL: Europe]

Psocus strigosusBurmeister, 1839: 776. [TL: Europe]

Psocus subfumipennisZetterstedt, 1840: 1053. [TL: Europe]

Psocus flavicansZetterstedt, 1840: 1054. [TL: Europe]

Diagnosis. A moderately large barklice (5-6 mm) often with green abdomen (Fig. 6). Head brown with round compound eyes, maxillary palpus long and slender, tip of the distal tarsomere gray, eyes dark (Fig. 13). Areola postica joined to median vein. Forewing without distinct markings. Vein Cu2 setose with short hairs (setae) along vein. Pterostigma elongate, narrow, expanded slightly at pterostigmal crossvein. Cu_1a to M crossvein long. Fore wing margin obviously setose for whole length to Cu2 (Fig. 23).

Materials examined. [GW] 1 ex., Danmok-ryeong, Mt. Jeombong, Jindong-ri, Girin-myeon, Inje-gun, 15.vii.2015, on light (G. Cho); [GN] 1 ex., Naewon temple, Mt. Wonhyo, Yangsan, 11.x.1991 (S.B. Ahn).

Distribution. Korea (new record), Palaearctic.

Infraorder Homilopsocidea

Family Peripsocidae Roesler, 1944 창다듬이벌레과(신칭)

Peripsocus didymusRoesler, 1939 창다듬이벌레(신칭)

Peripsocus didymusRoesler, 1939: 170. [TL: Germany]

Peripsocus didymus truncatusBadonnel, 1943: 93. [TL: France]

Peripsocus didymus silesiacaObr, 1948: 2. [TL: Czechoslovakia (former)]

Peripsocus truncatusBadonnel et Pearman 1971: 88. [TL: Great Britain]

Diagnosis. A medium size brown barklice (Fig. 7). Head brown and vertex round (Fig. 14). Forewing uniformly pale brown occasionally with dark mark (Fig. 24). Male phallosome with sclerite arms crossing. Female subgenital plate Y shape, the lobe at the apex of the plate narrows very slightly at the end (Fig. 32). Paraproct semicircle shape, epiproct trapezium shape both are with numerous of setae at posterior (Fig. 29).

Materials examined. [GG] 12 exs., Sorae Wetlands Ecological Park, Nonhyeon-dong, Namdong-gu, Incheon-si, 03.vii.2015, on Suaeda japonica (G. Cho); [JN] 9 exs., SNU Experiment Forest, Chusan-ri, Oknyong-myeon, Gwangyang-si (35°01'55. 99"N 127°36'17.82"E, 200 m), 19.vi.2015, on Albizia julibrissin (G. Cho).

Distribution. Korea (new record), Japan.

Infraorder Psocetae

Family Psocidae Hagen, 1865 다듬이벌레과

Amphigerontia anchonaeLi, 1989 목서다듬이벌레(신칭)

Amphigerontia anchonaeLi, 1989: 44. [TL: China]

Diagnosis. This barklouse is large body size (Fig. 8). Head and compound eyes (Fig. 15) round with brown color. Forewing (Fig. 25) with Rs and M joined by a well-developed cross vein. Discoidal cell narrow, sides nearly paralleled but a little convergent towards distal end. Apex of areola postica longer than the first section of Cu₁ between R₂₊₃ and R₄₊₅. Paraproct subtriangular, posterior setae present, epiproct triangular, longer than wide, with setae along sides posterior (Fig. 30). Subgenital plate (Fig. 34) the apex of lobe with setae.

Materials examined. [JN] 13 exs., Gurye, 18.v.2016, on Osmanthus fragrans (K.-J. Hong).

Distribution. Korea (new record), China.

Psococerastis tokyoensis (Enderlein, 1906) 줄다듬이벌레 (신칭)

Psocus tokyoensisEnderlein, 1906: 245. [TL: Japan]

Diagnosis. Body (Fig. 9) dark brown, head (Fig. 26) shortly pubescent. Antennae a little longer than fore wing. Forewing (Figs. 2, 3) with basal Sc ending free. Rs an M fused for a length. Paraproct (Fig. 31) short pubescent. Subgenital plate shape T like, lobe at the apex with long setae (Fig. 35).

Materials examined. [CN] 10 exs., Chollipo Arboretum, Taean, 6.vii.2016 (K.-J. Hong); [JB] 1 ex., Mt. Naejang, Jeongeup, 7.ix.2015, on light (K.-J. Hong).

Distribution. Korea (new record), Japan, Taiwan.

Trichadenopsocus alternatusLi, 2002 점무늬다듬이벌레 (신칭)

Trichadenopsocus alternatusLi, 2002: 1491. [TL: China]

Diagnosis. Body and head brown with large eyes (Fig. 17), Antenna not much longer than forewing. Forewing (Fig. 27) strongly patterned. Areola postica almost triangular shape. Rs and M fused for some distance.

Materials examined. [GG] 1 ex., Gwangreung (Korea National Arboretum), Pocheon, 12.viii.2014 (K.-J. Hong).

Distribution. Korea (new record), China.

Remarks. This species could not support habitus photo, because we found only one specimen and body was damaged.