Key to species of Korean Pholcus

1. Carapace with broad median mark ··································· 2

- Carapace with radiated stripes ·········································· 4

2(1). Uncus of genital bulb conical ············· P. phalangioides

- Uncus of genital bulb elongated ·································· 3

3(2). Appendix of genital bulb T-shaped ·················· P. zichyi

- Appendix of genital bulb triangle ················· P. manueli

4(1). Genital bulb with appendix ········································· 5

- Genital bulb without appendix ··································· 14

5(4). Male palpal procursus with dorsal spine ······················ 6

- Male palpal procursus without dorsal spine ················· 9

6(5). Uncus of genital bulb rounded ··················· P. montanus

- Uncus of genital bulb pointed ······································ 7

7(6). Ventral apophysis of palpal trochanter branched ······································································ P. simbok

- Ventral apophysis of palpal trochanter unbranched ···· 8

8(7). Appendix of genital bulb Y-shaped ·············· P. woongil

- Appendix of genital bulb hook-shaped ··· P. gajiensis n. sp.

9(5). Ventral apophysis of palpal trochanter branched ······· 10

- Ventral apophysis of palpal trochanter unbranched ···· 13

10(9). Uncus of genital bulb with a process ······················· 11

- Uncus of genital bulb without a process ················· 12

11(10). Uncus process originates from proximal part close to genital bulb ································· P. chiakensis n. sp.

- Uncus process originates from distal part ·························································· P. socheunensis

12(11). Appendix of genital bulb very small ···················································· P. kwanaksanensis

- Appendix of genital bulb simple rod-shaped ··· P. okgye

13(9). Uncus of genital bulb with hooked tip ······ P. yeongwol

- Uncus of genital bulb without hooked tip ················································· P. palgongensis n. sp.

14(4). Male palpal procursus with dorsal spine ·················· 15

- Male palpal procursus without dorsal spine ············· 19

15(14). Uncus of genital bulb with a process ····················· 16

- Uncus of genital bulb without a process ················ 17

16(15). Ventral apophysis of palpal trochanter branched ······················································· P. sokkrisanensis

- Ventral apophysis of palpal trochanter unbranched ······························································ P. gosuensis

17(15). Uncus of genital bulb rounded ·········· P. joreongensis

- Uncus of genital bulb pointed ······························· 18

18(17). Ventral apophysis of palpal trochanter branched ·································································· P. nodong

- Ventral apophysis of palpal trochanter unbranched ················································· P. juwangensis n. sp.

19(14). Uncus of genital bulb rounded ······························ 20

- Uncus of genital bulb serrated ··············· P. extumidus

20(19). Ventral apophysis of palpal trochanter blunt ·································································· P. crassus

- Ventral apophysis of palpal trochanter pointed ································································· P. acutulus

Type material.

Holotype: ♂, area around Daegok campsite on Mt. Chiak (37° 23′ 40″ N, 128° 03′ 13″ E, alt. 390 m), Socho myeon, Weonju, Gangweon-do, 31. vii. 2007, S. Y. Kim. Paratype: 1♂, 2♀♀, same data as holotype; 1♂, 2♀♀, area around Guryong Temple in Mt. Chiak (37° 19′ 33″ N, 127° 57′ 33″ E, alt. 153 m), other data same as holotype; 2♀♀, a mountainside (37° 23′ 27″ N, 128° 03′ 19″ E, alt. 434 m), 2.8 km north of the peak of Mt. Chiak, other data is the same as holotype; 7♂♂, 2 ♀♀, a mountainside (37° 22′ 48″ N, 128° 07′ 31″ E, alt. 538 m), 6.5 km east-northeast of the peak of Mt. Chiak, Gangnim-myeon, Hoengseong-gun, Gangweon-do, 21. vii. 2010, J. C. Lim.

Etymology.

The specific name, chiakensis, is derived from the type locality, Mt. Chiak.

Diagnosis.

The males of P. chiakensis n. sp. are very similar to those of P. montanusPaik, 1978 in the round uncus, needle shaped appendix, and weakly sclerotized embolus. However, P. chiakensis can be easily distinguished by the pointed small process of uncus and the procursus without a spine (Fig. 2A-D). The female of P. chiakensis also resembles P. crassusPaik, 1978 in the shape of epigynum, but not in the shapes of the pore plates and the sclerotized transverse plate of internal genitalia (Figs. 1C-D, 2G-H).

Description.

Male (holotype). Total length 5.50 (with clypeus). Habitus as in Figure 1B. Carapace 1.75 long (with clypeus), 1.62 wide, almost circular and yellow, with brown radiated stripes connecting anterior median eyes, lateral and posterior sides from linear median furrow; cervical groove distinct; cephalic region remarkably raised; clypeus brown, height 4.7 times of diameter of AME. Ocular area darkened around eye triads and AME. AER 0.64, PER 0.72. Eye ratio, PME = PLE > ALE > AME (15:14:10). AME-AME and AME-ALE 0.03 respectively, PME-PME 0.21, AME-PME 0.05, and PME-PLE and ALE-PLE contiguous. Median ocular quadrangle, posterior side > height >anterior side (38:28:21). Chelicera brown, with a sclerotized apophysis distally, and an unsclerotized apophysis and a small nodules proximally (Fig. 2E-F). Sternum 1.12 wide, with four pairs of darkened patches along margin, and fused with darkened labium. Labium 0.33 wide. Legs yellow; femora brown except its distal parts; each distal part of femur with a brown ring; tibiae with four brown rings; faint pseudosegments on distal tarsi. Leg measurements: I 40.35 (10.30, 0.70, 10.10, 16.95, 2.30), II 27.25 (7.40, 0.60, 6.90, 11.00, 1.35), III 18.65 (5.40, 0.60, 4.50, 7.15, 1.00), IV 24.95 (7.05, 0.60, 6.35, 9.55, 1.40). Fem. I l/d 34.33. Tib. I l/d 50.50. Leg I/c 23.06. Fem. I/c 5.89. Tib I/c 5.77. Met I/c 9.69. Pat. I+tib. I/c 6.17. Met. I/tar. I 7.37. Met. IV/tar. IV 6.82. Abdomen 3.60 long, 1.55 wide, and cylindrical; dorsum yellow with brown dots. Palpal organ (Figs. 1E, 2A-F); trochanter with a branched, blunt ventral apophysis; tibia with a small nodule ventrally; procursus with membranous, sclerotized elements distally and without spine on low elevation; bulb with round uncus which has a pointed small process, long curved embolus with feather-like transparent tip, and needle shaped appendix.

Female (paratype). Total length 5.30 (with clypeus). Habitus as in Figure 1A. Carapace 1.60 long (with clypeus), 1.50 wide; clypeus height 4.3 times of diameter of AME. AER 0.65, PER 0.70. Eye ratio, PME = PLE = ALE > AME (13:10). AME-AME 0.04, AME-ALE 0.03, PME-PME 0.21, AME-PME 0.08, and PME-PLE and ALE-PLE contiguous. Median ocular quadrangle, posterior side > height >anterior side (37:26:21). Sternum 0.94 wide. Labium 0.34 wide. Legs yellow; femora and tibiae with four brown rings respectively; faint pseudosegments on distal tarsi. Leg measurements: I 32.55 (8.20, 0.65, 8.10, 13.40, 2.20), II 22.40 (6.10, 0.60, 5.50, 8.70, 1.50), III 16.20 (4.60, 0.60, 3.90, 6.10, 1.00), IV 22.50 (6.40, 0.60, 5.60, 8.50, 1.40). Fem. I l/d 27.33. Tib. I l/d 54.00. Leg I/c 20.34. Fem. I/c 5.13. Tib I/c 5.06. Met I/c 8.38. Pat. I+tib. I/c 5.47. Met. I/tar. I 6.09. Met. IV/tar. IV 6.07. Abdomen 3.55 long, 1.60 wide. Epigynum transversely elongated with a pair of large concave plates and a brown knob anteriorly and medially; internal genitalia with a pair of European pear-shaped pore plates and a sclerotized transverse plate anteriorly (Figs. 1C-D, 2G-H).

Distribution.

Korea (Gangweon-do).

Type material.

Holotype: ♂, Unmun valley (35° 38′ 30″ N, 129° 02′ 18″ E, alt. 673 m), 4.1 km northeast of the peak of Mt. Gaji, Unmun-myeon, Cheongdo-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 15. x. 2010, J. C. Lim. Paratype: 1♀, same data as holotype; 1♂, 2♀♀, mountainside (35° 36′ 50″ N, 129° 01′ 19″ E, alt. 803 m), 1.9 km east-southeast of the peak of Mt. Gaji, Sangbuk-myeon, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 26. viii. 2005, C. W. Lee; 1♂, 1♀, mountain foot (35° 46′ 49″ N, 129° 01′ 25″ E, alt. 717 m), 17.9 km northnortheast of the peak of Mt. Gaji, Sannae-myeon, Gyeonju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 26. viii. 2005, C. W. Lee.

Etymology.

The specific name, gajiensis, is derived from the type locality, Mt. Gaji.

Diagnosis.

The males of P. gajiensis n. sp. are similar to those of P. extumidusPaik, 1978 in the serrate uncus and weakly sclerotized embolus, but can be easily distinguished from the latter by having a hook-shaped appendix (Fig. 3A-D). The females of P. gajiensis are also similar to those of P. extumidus in the shape of epigynum, but different in the shapes of the pore plates and the sclerotized plate of internal genitalia (Figs. 1H-I, 3G-H).

Description.

Male (holotype). Total length 6.00 (with clypeus). Habitus as in Figure 1G. Carapace 1.70 long (with clypeus), 1.65 wide, almost circular and yellow, with brown radiated stripes connecting anterior median eyes, lateral and posterior sides from linear median furrow; cervical groove distinct; cephalic region remarkably raised; clypeus brown, height 5.8 times of diameter of AME. Ocular area darkened around eye triads and AME. AER 0.70, PER 0.78. Eye ratio, PLE > ALE > PME > AME (14:13:11:10). AME-AME and AME-ALE 0.05 respectively, PME-PME 0.26, PME-PLE 0.03, AME-PME 0.04, and ALE-PLE contiguous. Median ocular quadrangle, posterior side > height >anterior side (41:27:24). Chelicera brown, with a sclerotized apophysis distally, and an unsclerotized apophysis and a small nodules proximally (Fig. 3E-F). Sternum darkened except yellow margin, 1.11 wide, and fused with dasrkened labium. Labium 0.36 wide. Legs yellow; femora brown except its distal parts; each distal part of femur with a brown ring; tibiae with four brown rings; faint pseudosegments on distal tarsi. Leg measurements: I 49.50 (12.80, 0.70, 12.70, 20.80, 2.50), II 33.60 (9.40, 0.80, 8.40, 13.50, 1.50), III 21.80 (6.50, 0.60, 5.40, 8.20, 1.10), IV 29.60 (8.60, 0.70, 7.50, 11.30, 1.50). Fem. I l/d 32.00. Tib. I l/d 63.50. Leg I/c 29.12. Fem. I/c 7.53. Tib I/c 7.47. Met I/c 12.24. Pat. I+tib. I/c 7.88. Met. I/tar. I 8.32. Met. IV/tar. IV 7.53. Abdomen 4.15 long, 1.70 wide, and cylindrical; dorsum yellow with brown dots. Palpal organ (Figs. 1J, 3A-F); trochanter with a blunt ventral apophysis; tibia with a small nodule ventrally; procursus with distinctive prolateral process and a short spine on low elevation; bulb with serrate uncus, weakly sclerotized embolus with feather-like transparent tip, and hook-shaped appendix.

Female (paratype). Total length 5.10 (with clypeus). Habitus as in Figure 1F. Carapace 1.50 long (with clypeus), 1.45 wide; clypeus height 5 times of diameter of AME. AER 0.61, PER 0.65. Eye ratio, PLE > ALE > PME > AME (14:13:12:9). AMEAME 0.03, AME-ALE 0.04, PME-PME 0.21, PME-PLE 0.03, AME-PME 0.08, and ALE-PLE contiguous. Median ocular quadrangle, posterior side > height >anterior side (35:28:20). Sternum 1.04 wide. Labium 0.35 wide. Legs yellow; femora and tibiae with four brown rings respectively; faint pseudosegments on distal tarsi. Leg measurements: I 33.20 (8.30, 0.70, 8.30, 13.80, 2.10), II 22.10 (6.10, 0.60, 5.50, 8.50, 1.40), III 16.70 (4.70, 0.60, 4.00, 6.20, 1.20), IV 22.80 (6.60, 0.60, 5.60, 8.60, 1.40). Fem. I l/d 20.75. Tib. I l/d 41.50. Leg I/c 22.13. Fem. I/c 5.53. Tib I/c 5.53. Met I/c 9.20. Pat. I+tib. I/c 6.00. Met. I/tar. I 6.57. Met. IV/tar. IV 6.14. Abdomen 3.50 long, 1.55 wide. Epigynum chevron-shaped with a pair of concave plates and a brown knob anteriorly and medially; internal genitalia with a pair of small elongated pore plates and a small sclerotized transverse plate anteriorly (Figs. 1H-I, 3G-H).

Distribution.

Korea (Gyeongsangbuk-do, Ulsan).

Type material.

Holotype: ♂, Juwang valley (36° 23′ 55″ N, 129° 09′ 31″ E, alt. 291 m), 1.1 km north-northwest of the peak of Mt. Juwang, Budong-myeon, Cheongsong-gun, Gyeongsangbukdo, 3. vi. 2006, C. W. Lee. Paratype: 3♂♂, 10♀♀, same data as holotype; 1♀, mountainside (36° 24′ 01″ N, 129° 08′ 42″ E, alt. 295 m), 477 m north of Daejeon Temple on Mt. Juwang (37° 19′ 33″ N, 127° 57′ 33″ E, alt. 153 m), 2. vi. 2006, other data is the same as holotype; 1♂, 6♀♀, Juwang valley (36° 23′ 53″ N, 129° 08′ 57″ E, alt. 318 m), 318m north-northeast of Daejeon Temple on Mt. Juwang, other data is the same as holotype; 3♂♂, 1♀, area around Juwang Hermitage on Mt. Juwang (36° 23′ 45″ N, 129° 09′ 33″ E, alt. 344 m), other data is the same as holotype.

Etymology.

The specific name, juwangensis, is derived from the type locality, Mt. Juwang.

Diagnosis.

The male of P. juwangensis n. sp. is very similar to that of P. simbokHuber, 2011 in the sharp-tipped uncus, weakly sclerotized embolus, and the procursus with distinctive prolateral process, but can be clearly distinguished by the uncus without a small pointed process near its basis and the procursus with a short stout spine on low elevation (Fig. 4A-D). The female of P. juwangensis also resembles P. simbok in the shape of epigynum, but can be distinguished by the wider pore plates than the latter and the crooked posterior margin of the sclerotized plate of internal genitalia (Figs. 1M-N, 4G-H).

Description.

Male (holotype). Total length 5.10 (with clypeus). Habitus as in Figure 1 L. Carapace 1.65 long (with clypeus), 1.60 wide, with brown radiated stripes connecting anterior median eyes, lateral and posterior sides from linear median furrow; cervical groove distinct; cephalic region remarkably raised; clypeus brown, height 4.7 times of diameter of AME. Ocular area darkened around eye triads and AME. AER 0.61, PER 0.68. Eye ratio, ALE = PLE > PME > AME (12:11:10). AME-AME and AME-ALE 0.04 respectively, PME-PME 0.25, AME-PME 0.09, and PME-PLE and ALE-PLE contiguous. Median ocular quadrangle, posterior side > height >anterior side (37:27:21). Chelicera brown, with a sclerotized apophysis distally, and an unsclerotized apophysis and a small nodules proximally (Fig. 4E-F). Sternum 1.08 wide, with four pairs of darkened patches along margin, and fused with darkened labium. Labium 0.35 wide. Legs yellow; femora brown except its distal parts; each distal part of femur with a brown ring; tibiae with four brown rings; faint pseudosegments on distal tarsi. Leg measurements: I 37.15 (9.30, 0.65, 9.40, 15.70, 2.10), II 24.55 (6.90, 0.65, 6.30, 9.30, 1.40), III 17.70 (5.20, 0.60, 4.40, 6.80, 0.70), IV 23.25 (6.90, 0.60, 5.70, 8.70, 1.35). Fem. I l/d 31.00. Tib. I l/d 42.00. Leg I/c 22.52. Fem. I/c 5.64. Tib I/c 5.70. Met I/c 9.52. Pat. I+tib. I/c 6.09. Met. I/tar. I 7.48. Met. IV/tar. IV 6.44. Abdomen 3.30 long, 1.40 wide, and cylindrical; dorsum yellow with brown dots. Palpal organ (Figs. 1O, 4A-F); trochanter with a blunt ventral apophysis; tibia with a small nodule ventrally; procursus with distinctive prolateral process and a short stout spine on low elevation; bulb with sharp-tipped uncus and weakly sclerotized embolus with feather-like transparent tip, and without uncus process and appendix.

Female (paratype). Total length 5.70 (with clypeus). Habitus as in Figure 1K. Carapace 1.65 long (with clypeus), 1.60 wide; clypeus height 3.3 times of diameter of AME. AER 0.59, PER 0.64. Eye ratio, PLE > PME = ALE > AME (13:12:9). AMEAME 0.03, AME-ALE 0.01, PME-PME 0.20, PME-PLE contiguous, AME-PME 0.09, and ALE-PLE 0.01. Median ocular quadrangle, posterior side > height >anterior side (34:27:20). Sternum 0.99 wide. Labium 0.35 wide. Legs yellow; femora and tibiae with four brown rings respectively; faint pseudosegments on distal tarsi. Leg measurements: I 30.70 (7.70, 0.60, 7.50, 12.80, 2.10), II 21.80 (5.90, 0.60, 5.50, 8.40, 1.40), III 16.15 (4.50, 0.55, 4.00, 6.00, 1.10), IV 21.90 (6.20, 0.60, 5.50, 8.20, 1.40). Fem. I l/d 25.67. Tib. I l/d 37.50. Leg I/c 18.61. Fem. I/c 4.67. Tib I/c 4.55. Met I/c 7.76. Pat. I+tib. I/c 4.91. Met. I/tar. I 6.10. Met. IV/tar. IV 5.86. Abdomen 4.00 long, 2.05 wide. Epigynum chevron-shaped with a pair of concave plates and a brown knob anteriorly and medially; internal genitalia with a pair of oval pore plates and a small sclerotized transverse plate anteriorly (Figs. 1M-N, 4G-H).

Distribution.

Korea (Gyeongsangbuk-do).

Type material.

Holotype: ♂, rock crevice around cable car summit of Mt. Palgong (36° 00′ 05″ N, 128° 41′ 39″ E, alt. 791 m), Yongsu-dong, Dong-gu, Daegu, 1. ix. 2006, B. K. Seo. Paratype: 1♂, 3♀♀, same data as holotype.

Etymology.

The specific name, palgongensis, is derived from the type locality, Mt. Palgong.

Diagnosis.

The males of P. palgongensis n. sp. are similar to those of P. juwangensis n. sp. and P. simbokHuber, 2011 in the contour of uncus, weakly sclerotized embolus, and the procursus with distinctive prolateral process. However, P. palgongensis can be easily distinguished from the latter by the blunt-tipped uncus and the procursus without a spine on the low elevation, and differs from P. juwangensis in having a needle-shaped appendix, as well as from P. simbok in not having a small pointed process near its basis (Fig. 5A-D). The females of P. palgongensis are very similar to those of P. juwangensis in the shape of epigynum, but different in the anterior furrows of concave plates and small elongate pore plates of internal genitalia (Figs. 1R-S, 5G-H).

Description.

Male (holotype). Total length 5.30 (with clypeus). Habitus as in Figure 1Q. Carapace 1.75 long (with clypeus), 1.65 wide, with brown radiated stripes connecting anterior median eyes, lateral and posterior sides from linear median furrow; cervical groove distinct; cephalic region remarkably raised; clypeus brown, height about 4.8 times of diameter of AME. Ocular area darkened around eye triads and AME. AER 0.64, PER 0.70. Eye ratio, ALE = PLE > PME > AME (14:13:10). AME-AME 0.04, AME-ALE 0.03, PME-PME 0.21, AME-PME 0.09, and PME-PLE and ALE-PLE contiguous. Median ocular quadrangle, posterior side > height >anterior side (38:28:21). Chelicera brown, with a sclerotized apophysis distally, and an unsclerotized apophysis and a small nodules proximally (Fig. 5E-F). Sternum 1.17 wide, with four pairs of darkened patches along margin, and fused with darkened labium. Labium 0.36 wide. Legs yellow; femora brown except its distal parts; each distal part of femur with a brown ring; tibiae with four brown rings; faint pseudosegments on distal tarsi. Leg measurements: I 40.40 (10.30, 0.70, 10.30, 16.80, 2.30), II 27.85 (7.70, 0.65, 7.00, 11.00, 1.50), III 19.25 (5.50, 0.65, 4.70, 7.30, 1.10), IV 25.65 (7.40, 0.65, 6.40, 9.80, 1.40). Fem. I l/d 29.43. Tib. I l/d 51.50. Leg I/c 23.09. Fem. I/c 5.89. Tib I/c 5.89. Met I/c 9.60. Pat. I+tib. I/c 6.29. Met. I/tar. I 7.30. Met. IV/tar. IV 7.00. Abdomen 3.60 long, 1.50 wide, and cylindrical; dorsum yellow with brown dots. Palpal organ (Figs. 1T, 5A-F); trochanter with a blunt ventral apophysis; tibia with a small nodule ventrally; procursus with distinctive prolateral process and without a spine on low elevation; bulb with blunt-tipped uncus, long curved embolus with feather-like transparent tip, and needle shaped appendix.

Female (paratype). Total length 5.20 (with clypeus). Habitus as in Figure 1P. Carapace 1.75 long (with clypeus), 1.70 wide; clypeus height 4.9 times of diameter of AME. AER 0.60, PER 0.65. Eye ratio, PLE > PME = ALE > AME (14:13:9). AME-AME 0.04, AME-ALE 0.03, PME-PME 0.20, PME-PLE 0.01, AMEPME 0.08, and ALE-PLE contiguous. Median ocular quadrangle, posterior side > height >anterior side (34:26:19). Sternum 1.09 wide. Labium 0.36 wide. Legs yellow; femora and tibiae with four brown rings respectively; faint pseudosegments on distal two-thirds of tarsi. Leg measurements: I 32.65 (8.30, 0.65, 8.20, 13.30, 2.20), II 23.15 (6.50, 0.60, 5.65, 8.90, 1.50), III 16.90 (4.90, 0.60, 4.00, 6.30, 1.10), IV 22.60 (6.50, 0.55, 5.70, 8.50, 1.35). Fem. I l/d 20.75. Tib. I l/d 41.00. Leg I/c 18.66. Fem. I/c 4.74. Tib I/c 4.69. Met I/c 7.60. Pat. I+tib. I/c 5.06. Met. I/tar. I 6.05. Met. IV/tar. IV 6.30. Abdomen 3.50 long, 1.50 wide. Epigynum chevron-shaped with a pair of concave plates having an anterior furrow and a brown knob anteriorly and medially; internal genitalia with a pair of small elongate pore plates and a small sclerotized transverse plate anteriorly (Figs. 1R-S, 5G-H).

Distribution.

Korea (Daegu).